Comparisons
Look-alike concepts, side by side
The AIGP exam loves swapping two similar ideas. Each comparison gives the one-line rule, a table, a worked example and the trap to watch for.
- Data drift vs concept driftData drift: the inputs change, so live data stops looking like the training data. Concept drift: the relationship between inputs and the right answer changes, even when the inputs look the same.
- FRIA vs DPIAA DPIA is the GDPR controller's check on high-risk personal data processing. A FRIA is certain deployers' check on a high-risk AI system's impact on fundamental rights. They can share content but remain separate duties.
- Human in the loop vs human on the loopHuman in the loop: a person approves each decision before it takes effect. Human on the loop: the system acts on its own while a person monitors and can intervene or stop it.
- NIST AI RMF vs ISO/IEC 42001ISO/IEC 42001 sets auditable requirements for an AI management system, and you can be certified against it. The NIST AI RMF offers voluntary risk outcomes under GOVERN, MAP, MEASURE and MANAGE, with no certification.
- Provider vs deployerProvider: places the AI system on the market or into service under its own name. Deployer: uses it under its own authority. Rebrand, substantially modify or repurpose into high-risk, and the deployer becomes provider.